M.A./ M.SC. (GEOGRAPHY)
SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS
(July 2019 Onwards)
Semester and Course No. |
Nomenclature |
Max. Marks |
Hours of Teaching per week |
SEMESTER I |
|||
COURSE-I |
Geomorphology |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-II |
Climatology |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-III |
Human Geography |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-IV |
Cartography |
100 |
6 Hours |
SEMESTER-II |
|||
COURSE-V |
Economic Geography |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-VI |
Population Geography |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-VII |
Bio-geography |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-VIII |
Fundamentals of Geographical Information System (GIS) |
100 |
6 Hours |
SEMESTER-III |
|||
COURSE-IX |
Regional Planning |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-X |
Quantitative Techniques in Geography |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-XI |
History of Geographical Thought |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-XII |
Field Survey |
100 |
6 Hours |
SEMESTER-IV |
|||
COURSE-XIII |
Geography of Himachal Pradesh |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-XIV |
Cultural Geography |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-XV |
Geography of Social Well-being |
100 |
6 Hours |
COURSE-XVI |
Fundamentals of Remote Sensing |
100 |
6 Hours |
|
Total |
1600 |
96 Hours |
COURSE-I GEOMORPHOLOGY
Max.Marks: 100
Unit I
Definition, nature and scope of geomorphology. Approaches to and methods of geomorphological analysis.
Some fundamental concepts in geomorphology: geological structure and landforms, uniformitarianism, characteristic assemblages of landforms, sequential changes in landforms, climatic geomorphology.
Unit II
Structural geomorphology: Characteristics and topographic expression of fault and fold structures.
Mountain and mountain building theories by Suess and Argan, Kober and Holmes. Plate tectonics and mountain building.
Forces of crustal instability: Isostasy, plate tectonics, and vulcanicity
Unit III
Meaning, causes, types and geomorphic significance of weathering and mass-movement.
Concept of Hill-slope development approaches to slope studies, slope elements.
Theories of slope evolution: Slope decline theory by Davis, Slope replacement by Penck and parallel retreat by King.
Unit IV
Fluvial, Periglacial, Glacial, and Eolian processes and landforms.
Meaning of denudation chronology and erosion surfaces, Peneplain concept.
Unit V
Meaning and types of drainage systems and patterns.
Concept of river capture.
Concept of Applied geomorphology: Geomorphology and Harzard management, Geomorphology and Urbanization, Geomorphology and hydrology.
Concept of Anthropogenic geomorphology: Man and mass-movement, man and river processes, man and coastal processes.
Notes for paper setter and the students:
i) Maximum marks for the course paper would be 100 and pass marks would be 40% in written examination. The pass marks in internal assessment will also be 40%.
ii) 100 marks for the course would be divided as follows:
(a) Written examination 80 marks
(b) Internal assessment 20 marks
iii) Written examination would be of 3 hours duration and would be conducted in the university. The question paper for the written examination shall be set by the external examiner as per the university norms.
iv) Internal assessment marks would be given by the course teacher on the basis of lecture attendance (5 marks) and classroom performance (15 marks). The marks in the classroom attendance would be given in the following manner: ( upto 75% : Nil; 75 -80% : 1; 81-85% : 2; 86-90% : 3; 91-95 : 4 and above 95 : 5) The classroom performance of the students would be assessed by the course teacher on the basis of performance in class room test(s)/ seminar(s)/ class room assignment(s) as per the choice of the course teacher.
v) The paper would be set from the syllabus covering the full content. The question paper in this course will be divided into two parts. Part-1 will be compulsory and consist of twenty multiple choice type/true or false/ very short answer type questions carrying 1 Mark each. Part II will consist of 10 deive(long answer type) questions, two from each unit are to be framed, out of which candidates will have to attempt five questions selecting one from each unit. Each question carries 12 marks.
Suggested Readings:
- Bloom, A.L. (1979) Geomorphology, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
- Dayal,P. (1995) A Textbook of Geomorphology, Patna: Shukla Book Depot.
- Embleton, C. and King, C.A.M. (1975) Glacial Geomorphology, London: Edward Arnold.
- Fairbridge, R.W. (1968) Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, New York: Reinholds.
- Morisawa, M (1968) Streams, New York: McGraw Hill.
- Pitty, A.F. (1982) The Nature of Geomorphology, New York:Methuen.
- Rice, R.J. (1990) Fundamentals of Geomorphology, London: ELBSL.
- Schumn, S. (1977) The Fluvial System, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
- Sharma, Anurag (1993) Ecology of Landslide Damages, Jaipur: Pointer Publishers.
- Sharma, H.S.(ed.) (1980) Perspectives in Geomorphology, New Delhi: Concept.
- Sharma, V.K. (1986) Geomorphology, New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.
- Singh, Savindra (1998) Geomorphology, Allahabad: Prayag Pustak Bhawan.
- Small, R.J. (1978) The Study of Landforms, Cambridge: Cambridge University.
- Sparks, B.W. (1960) Geomorphology, London: Longman.
- Strahler, A.N. (1992) Physical Geography, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
- Thornbury, W.D. (1969) Principles of Geomorphology, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
COURSE-II CLIMATOLOGY
Maximum Marks:100
Unit-I
Compositional and thermal structure of the atmosphere, Insolation: Solar source, heat balance of the earth, greenhouse effect and global warming, vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature
Unit-II
Atmospheric motion: Forces controlling motion of air, vertical motion and verticity, local winds, jet stream, general circulation in the atmosphere; Atmospheric moisture: humidity, evaporation, condensation, precipitation: formation, types, acid rain, world pattern of precipitation
Unit-III
Tropical, temperate and high latitude weather systems- concept of air masses and atmospheric disturbances, ocean atmospheric interaction- El Nino, southern oscillation (ENSO) and La Nina, monsoon winds, norwesters and cyclones, Tropical and Temperate phenomena, climate of India and its controls: Eastern disturbances.
Unit – IV
Climatic classification of Keepen, and Thornthwaite, Major climates of the world-tropical, temperate, desert and mountain climate.
Unit-V
Climatic Changes: Ozone Depletion; Global Warming: Strengthening of Greenhouse effect; Evidences and Possible causes of global warming; Environmental impacts of global warming and societal responses.
Notes for paper setter and students
- Maximum marks for the course paper would be 100 and pass marks would be 40% in written examination. The pass marks in internal assessment will also be 40%.
ii) 100 marks for the course would be divided as follows:
(a) Written examination 80 marks
(b) Internal assessment 20 marks
iii) Written examination would be of 3 hours duration and would be conducted in the university. The question paper for the written examination shall be set by the external examiner as per the university norms.
iv) Internal assessment marks would be given by the course teacher on the basis of lecture attendance (5 marks) and classroom performance (15 marks). The marks in the classroom attendance would be given in the following manner: ( upto 75% : Nil; 75 -80% : 1; 81-85% : 2; 86-90% : 3; 91-95 : 4 and above 95 : 5). The classroom performance of the students would be assessed by the course teacher on the basis of performance in class room test(s)/ seminar(s)/ class room assignment(s) as per the choice of the course teacher.
v) The paper would be set from the syllabus covering the full content. The question paper in this course will be divided into two parts. Part-1 will be compulsory and consist of twenty multiple choice type/true or false/ very short answer type questions carrying 1 Mark each. Part II will consist of 10 deive(long answer type) questions, two from each unit are to be framed, out of which candidates will have to attempt five questions selecting one from each unit. Each question carries 12 marks.
Suggested Readings
- Barry, R.G. and Chorley P.J., Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, Routledge, London and New York, 1998.
- Critchfield, J.H.: General Climatology, Prentice Hall, India, New Delhi, 1993.
- Das, P.K.: Monsoons National Book Trust, New Delhi, 1987.
- Fein, J.S. and Stephens, P.N.: Monsoons, Wiley Inter-science, 1987.
- India Met, Deptt.: Climatological Tables of Observatories in India, govt. of India, 1968.
- Lal. D.S.: Climatology, Chaitanya Publications, Allahabad, 1986.
- Lydolph, P.E.: The Climate of the Earth, Rowman, 1985.
- Menon, P.A.: Out Weather, N.B.T., New Delhi, 1989.
- Oliver, J.E. and John J. Hidore. 2002. Climatology- An Atmospheric Science (2nd Ed.) Pearson Education (Low Price Edition).
- Peterson, s.: Introduction to Meteorology, McGraw Hill Book, London, 1969.
- Robinson, P.J. and Henderson S.: Contemporary Climatology, Henow, 1999.
- Thompson, R.D. and Perry, A (ed.): Applied Climatology, Principles and Practice, Rourtledge, London 1997.
COURSE –III: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Max. Marks: 100
UNIT-I
Human Geography: Changing Scales of Experience
- Human Geography versus Human Ecology, Subject Matter of Human Geography, Human Geography through the corridors of time.
- Pre capitalist world: A classification of Human Societies; Defining capitalism, organized capitalism and its salient features, disorganisation of capitalism.
UNIT-II
Urbanism, Globalization and Changing Culture
- Defining Urban area: Town and City, Origin and Growth of Urbanization in India.
- Concept of Globalization, Cultural globalization, Impact of globalization on Indian culture.
UNIT-III
Population and Food Suuply
- Population Growth and Food Supply, Demographic transition model and Emergence of second demographic transition, Population Ageing and development
UNIT-IV
Geopolitical Traditions and States
- Organic Theory of State, German Geopolitics, Heartland and Rimland Theories, Concept of State, Nation and Nation-States, Concept of Boundaries, their classification and Frontiers.
UNIT-V
Uneven Global Development and Sustainability
·Geography and Third world Development, Conceptions of Development-the Modernization and Dependency Schools
- Sustainable Development and environmental sustainability with reference to India.
Notes for paper setter and students
i) Maximum marks for the course paper would be 100 and pass marks would be 40% in written examination. The pass marks in internal assessment will also be 40%.
ii) 100 marks for the course would be divided as follows:
(a) Written examination 80 marks
(b) Internal assessment 20 marks
iii) Written examination would be of 3 hours duration and would be conducted in the university. The question paper for the written examination shall be set by the external examiner as per the university norms.
iv) Internal assessment marks would be given by the course teacher on the basis of lecture attendance (5 marks) and classroom performance (15 marks). The marks in the classroom attendance would be given in the following manner: ( upto 75% : Nil; 75 -80% : 1; 81-85% : 2; 86-90% : 3; 91-95 : 4 and above 95 : 5). The classroom performance of the students would be assessed by the course teacher on the basis of performance in class room test(s)/ seminar(s)/ class room assignment(s) as per the choice of the course teacher.
v) The paper would be set from the syllabus covering the full content. The question paper in this course will be divided into two parts. Part-1 will be compulsory and consist of twenty multiple choice type/true or false/ very short answer type questions carrying 1 Mark each. Part II will consist of 10 deive(long answer type) questions, two from each unit are to be framed, out of which candidates will have to attempt five questions selecting one from each unit. Each question carries 12 marks.
Books Recommended:
Bergwan, Edward E (1995). Human Geography: Culture, Connections and Landscape, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
Carr, M. (1987). Patterns, Process and Change in Human Geography. MacMillan Education, London.
Cloke, P., Crang, P. and Goodwin, M (1999). Introducing Human Geographies. Arnold, London.
Daniels, P., Bradshaw, M., Shaw, D and Sidaway, J. (2001). Human Geography: Issues for the 21st Century. Pearson, Delhi.
DeBlij H.J. (1996). Human Geography, Culture, Society and Space. John Wiley, New York.
Fellmah, J.L. (1997).Human Geography- Landscapes of Human Activities. Brown and Benchman Pub., U.S.A.
Johnston, R.J. (1994).Dictionary of Human Geography. Balckwell, Oxford.
Majid Husain. (2002). Human Geography. Rawat Publications.
McBride, P.J.(1996).Human Geography Systems, Patterns and Change. Nelson, U.K. and Canada.
Michael, Can (1997). New Patterns: Process and Change in Human Geography, Nelson.
Potter, Rob, Dennis Conway, Ruth Evans and Sally Lloyd Evans (2012). Key Concepts in Development Geography. Sage Publications, London and New Delhi
Paper IV: Cartography Max. Marks: 100
(Practical Paper)
UNIT-I
Nature and history of cartography
Map essentials and classification
Types of data and symbols’
Cartographic communication process
UNIT-II
Mapping physical phenomena: Depiction of relief: contour method, spot heights and layer shading
Gradient and Profiles: Serial, longitudinal, transverse, superimposed, composite and projected.
Methods of slope analysis: Wentworth, Smith, and Robinson.
Representation of climatic data: Hythergraphs, Climograph, Windrose Diagram.
UNIT-III
Mapping Social Phenomena: Distribution of population, density, growth, age & sex composition, urbanisation, literacy and occupational composition.
UNIT-IV
Mapping Economic data: Land use, Cropping pattern and irrigation, employment, traffic flow and accessibility
Notes for paper setter and the students:
- Maximum marks for the course paper would be 100 and pass marks would be 40% in written examination. The pass marks in internal assessment will also be 40%.
- 100 marks for the course would be divided as follows:
(a) Written examination 50 marks
(b) Record book 20 marks
(c) Viva Voce 10 marks
(d) Internal assessment 20 marks
- Written examination would be of 3 hours duration and would be conducted in the Department.
- The question paper for the written examination shall be made by the external examiner in assistance with the internal examiner (who generally would be the course teacher). The question paper in this course will be divided into three parts. Part-I will consist of 20 multiple choice type/ true or false/ short answer type / fill in the blanks type questions carrying 0.5 mark each. Part 2 will consist of 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. The questions in Part-I and Part –II would be set from the entire syllabus of the course paper. Part- III will consist of 4 choice based deive (long answer type) questions each from all units and carrying 5 marks each. Students will have to answer 4 questions selecting 1 from each unit.
- External examiner would be appointed by the VC/PVC out of a panel of four university teachers supplied by the Department Chairperson in consultation with the course teacher.
- Record book would be evaluated by the external examiner.
- Viva- voce would be conducted by the external examiner and would pertain to the complete contents of the syllabus.
- Internal assessment would be given by the course teacher on the basis of lecture attendance and classroom performance.
- Answer books would be evaluated jointly by external and internal examiners on the day of examination.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Keats, J.S. (1973): Cartographic Design and production Longman, London
2. Monkhouse, F.J. and H.R. Wilkinson (1967) Maps and Diagrams, B.T. Publications Pvt. Ltd., Delhi 1989.
3. Raisz Erwin (1962): Principles of Cartography, McGraw Hill, New York.
4. Misra R.P. and A. Ramesh (1989): Fundamentals of Cartography, Concept Publishing Company New Delhi.
5. Singh L.R. and R.N. Singh (1975): Map work and Practical Geography, Central Book Depot, Allahabad.
6. Singh R.L. (1979): Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, new Delhi.
7. John Compbell (1991):Map Use and Analysis, WCB Dubuque.
8. Dent Borden D. (1990): Cartography, Thematic Map Design, Wim.C. Brown Publishers.
9. Kraak, M.J. and Ferjan Ormeling (2003): Cartography, Visualization of Geospatial Data, Pearson Education Limited, Patparganj, Delhi, India.
10. Robinson, Arthur and et.al.(2005): Elements of Cartography, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
COURSE-V: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
Max. Marks: 100
UNIT-I
Nature of Economic Activity
Definition, nature, and scope of economic geography
Types of Economic Activity
Geographical Configuration of World trade (WTO, NAFTA, SAPTA, EU)
Open World Trading System (FTA): Merits & Demerits
International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment(FDI)
UNIT-II
Location and Land Use
Central Place Theory: Christaller’s Model
Agricultural Land Use: Von Thunen’s Model
Industrial location: Weber’s Model
Urban Land Use: Monocentric city and Polycentric city
UNIT-III
Resource Economics
Resource: Concept and Types
Natural Resources and Development: An Overview of Land, water and Minerals
World Production and Distribution of Coal, Petroleum and Iron Ore
UNIT-IV
Economic Growth
Concept of Economic Growth and Development
Rostow’s Stage Model
Polarized Development: Models of Myrdal, Hirschman and Friedman
Growth Pole Theory of Perroux
UNIT-V
Economic Development in India
Regional Disparities in the levels of Development
Impact of Green Revolution on Indian economy and Environment
Need for New Green Revolution
Impact of Globalisation on Indian Economy
Notes for paper setter and students
i) Maximum marks for the course paper would be 100 and pass marks would be 40% in written examination. The pass marks in internal assessment will also be 40%.
ii) 100 marks for the course would be divided as follows:
(a) Written examination 80 marks
(b) Internal assessment 20 marks
iii) Written examination would be of 3 hours duration and would be conducted in the university. The question paper for the written examination shall be set by the external examiner as per the university norms.
iv) Internal assessment marks would be given by the course teacher on the basis of lecture attendance (5 marks) and classroom performance (15 marks). The marks in the classroom attendance would be given in the following manner: ( upto 75% : Nil; 75 -80% : 1; 81-85% : 2; 86-90% : 3; 91-95 : 4 and above 95 : 5). The classroom performance of the students would be assessed by the course teacher on the basis of performance in class room test(s)/ seminar(s)/ class room assignment(s) as per the choice of the course teacher.
v) The paper would be set from the syllabus covering the full content. The question paper in this course will be divided into two parts. Part-1 will be compulsory and consist of twenty multiple choice type/true or false/ very short answer type questions carrying 1 Mark each. Part II will consist of 10 deive(long answer type) questions, two from each unit are to be framed, out of which candidates will have to attempt five questions selecting one from each unit. Each question carries 12 marks.
Suggested Readings
Abler, R., Adams, J.S., and Gould, P., Spatial Organization (Prentice Hall, 1991).
Anderson, William P., Economic Geography. Rotledge 2012
Berry, B.J.L. Corkling, E.C., Ray, D.M., The Geography of Economic System Prentice Hall, 1976.
Broadford, M.G. and Kent, W.A., Human Geography: Theories and their Application, Oxford University Press, 1977.
Gautam, Alka, Aarthik Bhugol Ke Mool Tatav, Sharda Pustak Bhavan 2010
Haggeett, P., Locational Analysis in Human Geography, Arnold, 1965.
Losen, A, The Economics of Location, Yale University Press, 1954.
Misra. H.N. (Ed.) Managing Natural resources Focus on Land and water, Prentice Hall, 2014
Hartshorne,T.A. and Alexander, J.W., Economic Geography, Prentice Hall, 1988
Paper VI: POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
Max. Marks 100
UNIT-I
Historical Development of Population Geography as a discipline
Nature and Scope of population geography.
Sources of population data; their quality and reliability.
Major theories of population: Malthusian perspective and Marxist perspective, Demographic transition theory.
UNIT-II
Concept, determinants & world pattern of the following attributes of population:
Density and distribution, Growth and Literacy
UNIT-III
Concepts, determinants and patterns in India of the following attributes of population:
Age & Sex Composition, Occupational composition and Urbanisation
UNIT-IV
Migration, types, determinants and consequences
Laws of migration: Revernsteir’s and Lee’s laws of migration.
International migration pattern.
UNIT-V
Population and resources: Concepts of optimum population over population and under population.
Population policy: Concept, Population Policy of India.
Population problems and policy formulation in developed and developing countries
Notes for paper setter and students
i) Maximum marks for the course paper would be 100 and pass marks would be 40% in written examination. The pass marks in internal assessment will also be 40%.
ii) 100 marks for the course would be divided as follows:
(a) Written examination 80 marks
(b) Internal assessment 20 marks
iii) Written examination would be of 3 hours duration and would be conducted in the university. The question paper for the written examination shall be set by the external examiner as per the university norms.
iv) Internal assessment marks would be given by the course teacher on the basis of lecture attendance (5 marks) and classroom performance (15 marks). The marks in the classroom attendance would be given in the following manner: ( upto 75% : Nil; 75 -80% : 1; 81-85% : 2; 86-90% : 3; 91-95 : 4 and above 95 : 5). The classroom performance of the students would be assessed by the course teacher on the basis of performance in class room test(s)/ seminar(s)/ class room assignment(s) as per the choice of the course teacher.
v) The paper would be set from the syllabus covering the full content. The question paper in this course will be divided into two parts. Part-1 will be compulsory and consist of twenty multiple choice type/true or false/ very short answer type questions carrying 1 Mark each. Part II will consist of 10 deive(long answer type) questions, two from each unit are to be framed, out of which candidates will have to attempt five questions selecting one from each unit. Each question carries 12 marks.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
- Beaufeu Garnier,J. (1966): Geography of Population, Longman, London.
- Brooks, S. (1977): The World Population Today (Ethnodemographic Processes), USSR Academy of Sciences; Moscow.
- Chandna, R.C. (2000): Geography of Population Concepts Determinants and Patterns, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi:
- Clarke, John, I (1972): Population Geography, Pergamon Press, New York.
- Charles B. Nam & Susn G. Philliber (1984): Population A Basic Orientation, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
- Demko, G.J and Others (Eds) (1971): Population Geography- A Reader, McGraw-Hill Books Co. New York.
- Ghosh, B.N. (1985): Fundamentals of Population Geography, Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi.
- Jones, H.R. (1981): A Population Geography, Harper and Row London.
- Petrov, V. (1985): India: Spotlight of population, Progress Publishers, Moscow.
- Trewartha, G.T. (1969): A Geography of Population: World Patterns, Wiley, New York.
- Trewartha, G.T. (1972): The Less Developed Realm- A Geography of its population, Pergamon Press, New York.
- Trewartha, G.T. (1978): The More Developed Realm- A Geography of its population, Pergamon Press, New York.
- Weeks, John R. (1978): Population, An Introduction to Concepts and Issues, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California.
- Woods R.I. (1979): Population Analysis in Geography, Longman, London.
- Zelinsky, W. (1970): A Prologue to population, Prentice Hall, London.
COURSE-VII BIO GEOGRAPHY
Max. Marks: 100
Unit I
Concept, field and significance of biogeography. Approaches to bio-geographical studies
Basic concepts in biogeography: Environment, Habitat, ecological niches
Ecosystem: Concept, properties, components, types and functioning.
Food chain and Food web.
Unit II
Soil system: Definition, function, components and characteristics; Soil Profiles.
Biomes: Meaning and major forest biomes of the world.
Biodiversity: Meaning, types and importance of biodiversity, Biodiversity loss, Causes of biodiversity loss, Biodiversity hot spots
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